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ArcelorMittal S.A.: ArcelorMittal reports second quarter 2025
2Q 2025 key highlights:
Safety focus: Protecting employee health and safety is a core value of the Company. LTIF rate of 0.68x in 2Q 2025. dss+ safety audit recommendations implementation phase is underway
Sustained margin improvement: Despite continuous challenges, the Group's results show the benefits of (i) asset optimization, (ii) regional and end market diversification, and (iii) strategic growth investments. 2Q 2025 EBITDA of $1.9bn, with a margin of $135/tonne that continues to show improvement vs. prior cycles. Net income of $1.8bn in 2Q 2025 (EPS of $2.35/sh) was positively impacted by $0.8bn exceptionals (net of impairments and tax effects)4. Adjusted net income of $1.0bn in 2Q 2025 (adjusted EPS of $1.32/sh)4
Operational momentum continues: Record quarterly iron ore production and shipments from Liberia, which remains on track to achieve its full expanded 20Mt capacity by end 2025; first slab cast at Calvert's new 1.5Mt EAF in the U.S.; India renewables reaching industrial scale and value add capacity commissioning underway
Financial strength maintained: Net debt of $8.3bn at the end of the quarter, with the increase of $1.5bn from the prior quarter end due largely to M&A impacts following the full consolidation of AM/NS Calvert, Tuper and ArcelorMittal Tailored Blanks Americas (AMTBA), which combined are expected to support higher normalized EBITDA of circa $0.3bn; liquidity remains at a robust $11.0bn7; during the quarter, S&P upgraded the Company's credit rating to BBB (from BBB-)
Cash flow being reinvested for growth: Over the past 12 months, the Company has generated investable cash flow6 (net cash provided by operating activities less maintenance/normative capex) of $2.3bn. Over the same period, the Company has invested $1.1bn in strategic capex projects to enhance long-term EBITDA capacity, returned $1.1bn to shareholders via dividends/buybacks, and allocated a net $2.3bn to M&A
Key developments towards strategic objectives
Growth: ArcelorMittal has completed the acquisition of Nippon Steel's 50% stake in AM/NS Calvert, gaining full control of one of North America's most advanced steel making facilities. Calvert's new 1.5Mt EAF, the first of its kind designed to supply exposed automotive grades, has been successfully commissioned, with the first slabs cast during the quarter. Together with a new 7-year slab supply agreement signed with NSC/USS, this ensures Calvert's needs for U.S. "domestically melted and poured" material. Additionally, ArcelorMittal acquired control of the Brazilian pipe producer Tuper (a JV in which it already held a 40% interest) and regained control of AMTBA to accelerate growth in high-value tubular and automotive markets in North America
Organic growth: The Group's strong financial position enables the consistent funding of organic growth projects to support future profitability and investable cash flow. The Group's high return strategic growth projects, together with the impact of recent M&A, are expected to increase future EBITDA potential by $2.1bn6. The EBITDA benefit targeted for 2025 is $0.7bn, of which $0.2bn was captured in 1H 2025 EBITDA
Encouraging EU trade policy momentum to restore fair competition: the "Steel and Metals Action Plan" recognizes the factors needed to restore industry competitiveness; an effective carbon border and more efficient trade measures that limit import penetration to historical levels have the potential to support improved domestic steel capacity utilization rates and restore the industry's health. It is imperative that these plans are swiftly turned into concrete actions, with announcements anticipated in 2H 2025 on the details of the new tool that will replace the current safeguard measures and a proposal to close major loopholes in the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM)
Consistent shareholder returns: As per its capital allocation and return policy, in addition to its growing base dividend ($0.55/sh, paid in 2 equal instalments), the Company will continue to return a minimum of 50% of post-dividend annual free cash flow to shareholders. Since September 20205, the Company has used buybacks to reduce its fully diluted shares outstanding by 38%. So far in 2025, the Company has repurchased 8.8m shares at a total cost of $262m
Financial highlights (on the basis of IFRS1):
(USDm) unless otherwise shown 2Q 25 1Q 25 2Q 24 1H 25 1H 24
Sales 15,926 14,798 16,249 30,724 32,531
Operating income 1,932 825 1,046 2,757 2,118
Net income attributable to equity holders of the parent 1,793 805 504 2,598 1,442
Adjusted net income attributable to equity holders of the parent4 1,005 805 677 1,810 1,434
Basic earnings per common share (US$) 2.35 1.05 0.63 3.40 1.80
Adjusted basic earnings per common share (US$)4 1.32 1.05 0.85 2.37 1.79
Operating income/tonne (US$/t) 140 60 75 101 77
EBITDA 1,860 1,580 1,862 3,440 3,818
EBITDA/tonne (US$/t) 135 116 134 125 140
Crude steel production (Mt) 14.4 14.8 14.7 29.2 29.1
Steel shipments (Mt) 13.8 13.6 13.9 27.4 27.3
Total Group iron ore production (Mt) 11.8 11.8 9.5 23.6 19.7
Iron ore production (Mt) (AMMC and Liberia only) 8.3 8.4 5.9 16.7 12.4
Iron ore shipment (Mt) (AMMC and Liberia only) 9.9 8.0 6.2 17.9 12.5
Weighted average common shares outstanding (in millions) 762 768 794 765 802
Commenting, Aditya Mittal, ArcelorMittal Chief Executive Officer, said:
"Half-way through the year, it is encouraging that we are seeing an improvement in our safety results compared with 2024. We are less than one year into what we know will be at least a three-year transformation, and there is meaningful progress to report on the implementation of the six-core safety-audit recommendations. I appreciate the commitment every employee is giving to ensuring that safety becomes a core value that underpins everything we do.
Turning to the financial performance, as anticipated we saw an improved quarter, with EBITDA per tonne reaching a healthy $135. The underlying strength of the business is good, but like every company we must navigate the backdrop of ongoing geopolitical and tariff disruptions.
Our primary focus is always to meet the requirements of the domestic markets, and our ability to produce high-quality melted and poured steels in the US was strengthened in the quarter as we took full ownership of Calvert. We have transformed Calvert from an advanced finishing operation into a low-carbon steelmaking facility capable of producing the highest-quality steels for all customer segments including automotive. Calvert will become a new center of excellence for ArcelorMittal in the United States.
We continue to execute other strands of our strategic growth agenda, which together with recent M&A, is expected to deliver an incremental $2.1 billion of EBITDA. This includes our mining operations in Liberia, which marked the inauguration of the new concentrator, enabling us to increase production capacity to 20 million tonnes. Liberia continues to demonstrate the benefits of diversification, delivering another quarter of record iron-ore production and shipments.
In Europe, trends towards increased government spending on defense and infrastructure, is clearly positive for the steel industry. However, while the Steel and Metals Action Plan signalled a clear intention to address the critical challenges, we are still awaiting updates to safeguards, the CBAM, and energy prices. It remains a crucial year for European steelmaking, and I sincerely hope that Europe will hold good onto its commitment to defend and prioritize its domestic steel industry.
Despite the many challenges facing global business today, I am confident that ArcelorMittal has a profile that will enable us to continue to grow and thrive. Our strong balance sheet and diverse business model allows us to invest in growth while delivering consistent shareholder returns through our ongoing program of share buybacks. And our unique global presence enables us to benefit from high-growth markets such as India and Brazil, as well as take advantage of new opportunities such as renewable energy."
Safety and sustainable development
Health and safety:
Protecting employee health and safety is a core value of the Company. LTIF rate of 0.68x in 2Q 2025 (vs 0.63x in 1Q 2025 and 0.57x in 2Q 2024).
The Company is on a three-year transformation program, following a comprehensive safety audit performed in 2024. In the first year, the focus has been on laying the foundations for long-term improvements across the organization. Key areas of progress have included:
- The three lines of assurance have been strengthened with ~20 sites completing second line audits by 1H 2025, enabling the third line audits to commence. All the industrial sites second line audits are planned to be performed within the next 2 years.
- Enhanced safety leadership training has been rolled out to senior management, providing a strong foundation for the Company to strengthen 'one safety culture' across the Group. More than 80 senior leaders have started the year long training (including 100% of targeted Vice Presidents).
- Contractors are being fully embedded into our safety management processes. This is being reinforced by the roll out of the Mandatory Life Saving Golden Rules Certification to contractors and a tighter contractor sanction policy.
In years 2 and 3, the Company will embed these changes to ensure consistency, discipline and results in every region.
Own personnel and contractors - Lost time injury frequency rate
2Q 25 1Q 25 2Q 24 1H 25 1H 24 North America 0.29 0.23 0.31 0.26 0.14 Brazil 0.39 0.32 0.15 0.35 0.13 Europe 1.23 1.16 1.06 1.21 1.14 Sustainable Solutions 1.26 1.22 1.09 1.24 0.98 Mining 0.11 0.23 0.15 0.17 0.16 Others 0.54 0.45 0.47 0.50 0.60 Total 0.68 0.63 0.57 0.66 0.59
Sustainable development highlights:
- European policy advocacy: The Steel and Metals Action Plan identifies the actions required to ensure industry competitiveness. However, the Company urges faster and effective implementation of the Steel and Metals Action Plan in 2H 2025 to support the sustainability of steelmaking in Europe and its transition to low carbon technologies.
- Economic decarbonization via EAFs: The Company will have a phased approach to decarbonization in Europe starting with EAFs. The Company has announced its intention to invest in a 2Mt EAF in Dunkirk for EUR1.2 billion, subject to the implementation of all the conditions in particular the efficient trade measure replacing the current steel safeguards and an effective carbon border adjustment mechanism. The Company currently has 29 EAFs in the Group, with 21.5Mt per year of capacity which will increase to 23.4Mt by 2026 with the two projects in Gijon and Sestao.
Analysis of results for the six months ended June 30, 2025 versus results for the six months ended June 30, 2024
Sales for 1H 2025 decreased by 5.6% to $30.7 billion as compared with $32.5 billion for 1H 2024, primarily due to 7.5% lower average steel selling prices.
Operating income for 1H 2025 of $2.8 billion was 30.2% higher as compared to $2.1 billion in 1H 2024 primarily due to the net positive impact of $1.0 billion exceptional items and impairments. This includes a $1.7 billion gain recognized on consolidation reflecting the assessed fair value of the asset less consideration paid and debt assumed from acquiring Nippon Steel's 50% stake in AM/NS Calvert, partially offset by the final settlement of the purchase price of Votorantim's long business in Brazil ($0.4 billion)9 and $0.2 billion in impairments related to the announced divestments of Zenica integrated steel plant and Prijedor iron ore mining business in Bosnia.
EBITDA decreased by 9.9% to $3,440 million in 1H 2025 as compared to $3,818 million in 1H 2024, primarily driven by weaker results in the North America (S232 tariffs and their resultant impact on costs and Canadian and Mexican pricing) and India and JVs segments (weaker average selling prices) offset in part by an improvement in the Europe segment primarily due to higher volume and a positive price-cost effect.
Foreign exchange and net financing costs in 1H 2025 were an income of $123 million (benefiting from the 12.8% depreciation of the US dollar against the euro), compared to a loss of $521 million in 1H 2024 (which was negatively impacted by the 3.1% appreciation of the US dollar against the euro).
Net income increased to $2,598 million in 1H 2025 as compared to $1,442 million in 1H 2024, mainly driven by $0.8 billion in exceptional items (net of impairments and tax effects) and higher foreign exchange gains. Adjusted net income was $1,810 million in 1H 2025 as compared to $1,434 million in 1H 2024, with adjusted basic earnings per common share of $2.374 in 1H 2025 as compared to $1.79 for 1H 2024.
Net cash provided by operating activities in 1H 2025 was $1.1 billion as compared to $1.0 billion in 1H 2024 and includes a working capital investment of $1.5 billion as compared to $1.6 billion in 1H 2024. Free cash outflow during 1H 2025 of $0.8 billion includes capex of $1.9 billion (including strategic growth projects totaling $0.5 billion). The free cash outflow, together with ongoing shareholder returns of $0.5 billion (including $0.2 billion of dividends) and M&A (primarily Calvert) during the period, led to an increase in net debt to $8.3 billion on June 30, 2025, as compared to $5.1 billion on December 31, 2024. Gross debt of $13.7 billion on June 30, 2025, as compared to $11.6 billion on December 31, 2024.
Analysis of results for 2Q 2025 versus 1Q 2025
Sales increased by 7.6% to $15.9 billion in 2Q 2025 as compared to $14.8 billion in 1Q 2025 primarily due to 6.8% increase in average steel selling prices.
Operating income of $1.9 billion in 2Q 2025 was significantly higher as compared to $825 million in 1Q 2025 primarily due to the net positive impact of $1.0 billion exceptional items and impairments as discussed above.
EBITDA increased by 17.7% in 2Q 2025 to $1,860 million as compared to $1,580 million in 1Q 2025, primarily due to a positive price-cost effect in Europe and higher contribution from India and JVs segment, offset in part by a decline in North America (due to S232 tariff impacts as well as unplanned maintenance in Mexico) and Mining segment (lower iron ore reference selling prices and higher costs more than offsetting the strong shipment performance).
Net income increased to $1,793 million in 2Q 2025, as compared to $805 million in 1Q 2025 (adjusted net income of $1,005 million in 2Q 2025)4, primarily due to impact of $0.8bn exceptional items (net of impairments and tax effects)4.
Net cash provided by operating activities during 2Q 2025 amounted to $1.4 billion, compared to net cash used in operating activities of $0.4 billion in 1Q 2025, reflecting mainly a $0.2 billion release of working capital in 2Q 2025 as compared to a working capital investment of $1.7 billion in 1Q 2025. Capex for the quarter amounted to $0.9 billion (including $0.2 billion spent on strategic growth projects) as compared to $1.0 billion (including $0.3 billion spend on strategic growth projects) in 1Q 2025.
Free cash inflow of $0.5 billion, dividends paid to ArcelorMittal shareholders of $0.2 billion, M&A of $1.4 billion, and share repurchases of $0.2 billion resulted in an increase in net debt to $8.3 billion on June 30, 2025, as compared to $6.7 billion on March 31, 2025.
Analysis of operations
North America
(USDm) unless otherwise shown 2Q 25 1Q 25 2Q 24 1H 25 1H 24 Sales 3,102 2,877 3,162 5,979 6,509 Operating income 1,848 350 338 2,198 923 Depreciation (152) (125) (129) (277) (249) Exceptional items 1,742 -- -- 1,742 -- EBITDA 258 475 467 733 1,172 Crude steel production (Kt) 2,034 2,255 1,823 4,289 4,003 - Flat shipments (Kt) 1,995 2,107 1,865 4,102 4,110 - Long shipments (Kt) 664 668 719 1,332 1,385 Steel shipments* (Kt) 2,531 2,643 2,468 5,174 5,264 Average steel selling price (US$/t) 1,002 902 1,040 951 1,041
* North America steel shipments include slabs sourced by the segment from Group companies (mainly the Brazil segment) and sold to the Calvert JV (eliminated in the Group consolidation). These shipments can vary between periods due to slab sourcing mix and timing of vessels: 2Q'25 357kt; 1Q'25 469kt; 2Q'24 476kt; 1H'25 826kt and 1H'24 957kt.
Sales in 2Q 2025 increased by 7.8% to $3.1 billion, as compared to $2.9 billion in 1Q 2025, primarily driven by an 11.1% increase in average steel selling prices. Excluding the impact of the consolidation of AM/NS Calvert (on June 18, 2025) and AMTBA (on April 1, 2025), average selling prices were relatively stable. Furthermore, sales were negatively impacted by a 4.2% decline in steel shipment volumes due to unplanned maintenance in Mexico and weaker apparent demand.
Operating income in 2Q 2025 increased to $1.8 billion, largely due to a $1.7 billion exceptional gain from the acquisition of Nippon Steel's 50% stake in AM/NS Calvert. Underlying operating performance declined, primarily reflecting the additional costs imposed on the business by Section 232 tariffs (which were further increased to 50% from June 4, 2025) as well as the impact of unplanned maintenance in Mexico (approximately $40 million) and the impacts of weaker apparent demand on shipment volumes.
As a result, EBITDA in 2Q 2025 declined to $258 million as compared to $475 million in 1Q 2025.
On June 18, 2025, ArcelorMittal completed the acquisition of Nippon Steel's 50% equity stake in AM/NS Calvert, now fully owned and renamed ArcelorMittal Calvert. This consolidation brings 100% of Calvert EBITDA ($614 million in 2024) within the North America segment; previously ~60% of this was captured in Group EBITDA (~45% within North America segment and ~15% in India and JVs segment).
Brazil
(USDm) unless otherwise shown 2Q 25 1Q 25 2Q 24 1H 25 1H 24 Sales 2,816 2,648 3,243 5,464 6,294 Operating (loss)/income (137) 306 325 169 627 Depreciation (91) (85) (88) (176) (182) Exceptional items (453) -- -- (453) -- EBITDA 407 391 413 798 809 Crude steel production (Kt) 3,540 3,579 3,607 7,119 7,171 - Flat shipments (Kt) 2,334 2,057 2,441 4,391 4,578 - Long shipments (Kt) 1,176 1,120 1,215 2,296 2,276 Steel shipments (Kt) 3,498 3,158 3,637 6,656 6,817 Average steel selling price (US$/t) 747 774 826 760 854
Sales in 2Q 2025 increased by 6.4% to $2.8 billion as compared to $2.6 billion in 1Q 2025, primarily driven by a 10.8% increase in steel shipments, reflecting shipment timing and seasonality compared to the prior quarter, offset in part by a 3.5% decline in average steel selling prices.
There was an operating loss in 2Q 2025 of $137 million as compared to an operating income of $306 million in 1Q 2025. 2Q 2025 included an exceptional cost of $453 million mainly related to the final settlement of the purchase price of Votorantim's long business in Brazil9. Without this one-time charge, performance improved slightly with higher shipment volumes, offset in part by lower average steel selling prices.
EBITDA in 2Q 2025 increased by 4.1% to $407 million as compared to $391 million in 1Q 2025, as discussed above.
Europe
(USDm) unless otherwise shown 2Q 25 1Q 25 2Q 24 1H 25 1H 24 Sales 7,653 7,218 7,822 14,871 15,669 Operating income 150 90 194 240 263 Depreciation (283) (280) (268) (563) (542) Impairment items (194) -- -- (194) -- EBITDA 627 370 462 997 805 Crude steel production (Kt) 7,530 7,987 8,041 15,517 15,645 - Flat shipments (Kt) 5,239 5,418 5,206 10,657 10,508 - Long shipments (Kt) 2,073 2,111 2,204 4,184 4,143 Steel shipments (Kt) 7,305 7,528 7,407 14,833 14,643 Average steel selling price (US$/t) 926 834 929 879 937
Crude steel production in 2Q 2025 declined as compared to 1Q 2025 primarily due to the planned reline of Dunkirk BF4, which restarted mid-July 2025.
Sales in 2Q 2025 increased by 6.0% to $7.7 billion as compared to $7.2 billion in 1Q 2025, primarily due to a 11.0% increase in average steel selling prices offset in part by a 3.0% decline in steel shipment volumes which was impacted by apparent demand. 2Q 2025 steel shipments were 1.4% lower year-on-year, reflecting a 6% decline in Long product shipments whilst Flat product shipments were stable.
Operating income in 2Q 2025 of $150 million was higher as compared to $90 million in 1Q 2025, primarily due to a positive price-cost effect, which was partially offset by lower steel shipments and impairments of $194 million related to the disposal of Zenica and Prijedor in Bosnia.
EBITDA in 2Q 2025 of $627 million was 69.7% higher as compared to $370 million in 1Q 2025, primarily due to a positive price-cost effect, offset in part by lower steel shipments.
India and JVs
Income from associates, joint ventures and other investments was higher in 2Q 2025 at $199 million, as compared to $99 million in 1Q 2025 primarily due to a higher income from AMNS India.
ArcelorMittal has investments in various joint ventures and associate entities globally. The Company considered AM/NS Calvert (50% equity interest prior to the full consolidation as from June 18, 2025) and considers AMNS India (60% equity interest) joint ventures to be of particular strategic importance, warranting more detailed disclosures to improve the understanding of their operational performance and value to the Company.
AMNS India
(USDm) unless otherwise shown 2Q 25 1Q 25 2Q 24 1H 25 1H 24 Production (Kt) (100% basis) 1,827 1,684 1,867 3,511 3,851 Shipments (Kt) (100% basis) 1,775 1,882 1,892 3,657 3,908 Sales (100% basis) 1,489 1,448 1,580 2,937 3,395 EBITDA (100% basis) 200 101 237 301 549
Sales in 2Q 2025 increased by 2.8% to $1.5 billion as compared to $1.4 billion in 1Q 2025, primarily due to an increase in average steel prices (supported by safeguard measures introduced in April 2025), offset by a 5.7% decline in steel shipments.
EBITDA during 2Q 2025 improved significantly to $200 million as compared to $101 million in 1Q 2025, driven primarily by higher steel selling prices.
AM/NS Calvert
Effective June 18, 2025, the AM/NS Calvert operations have been fully consolidated following the transfer of 100% ownership to ArcelorMittal. From such date, AM/NS Calvert's financial results are reported within the North America segment. For illustrative purposes only, standalone performance for AM/NS Calvert in the second quarter is presented to provide additional clarity and context regarding segmental contributions.
(USDm) unless otherwise shown 2Q 25 1Q 25 2Q 24 1H 25 1H 24 Production (Kt) (100% basis) 1,245 1,258 1,202 2,503 2,418 Shipments (Kt) (100% basis) 1,257 1,141 1,145 2,398 2,276 Sales (100% basis) 1,314 1,160 1,244 2,474 2,480 EBITDA (100% basis) 224 158 166 382 354
Note: Production includes all production of the hot strip mill including processing of slabs on a hire work basis for ArcelorMittal Group entities and third parties, including stainless steel slabs. Shipments: including shipments of finished products processed on a hire work basis for ArcelorMittal Group entities and third parties, including stainless steel products. EBITDA of AM/NS Calvert presented here on a 100% basis as a stand-alone business and in accordance with the Company's policy, applying the weighted average method of accounting for inventory.
Sales in 2Q 2025 increased by 13.2% to $1.3 billion as compared to $1.2 billion in 1Q 2025, primarily due to higher average selling prices and 10.1% increase in shipments.
EBITDA during 2Q 2025 of $224 million was 41.5% higher as compared to $158 million in 1Q 2025, primarily due to higher average selling prices and 10.1% increase in shipments (record quarterly shipments achieved in 2Q 2025).
Sustainable Solutions
(USDm) unless otherwise shown 2Q 25 1Q 25 2Q 24 1H 25 1H 24 Sales 2,725 2,580 2,891 5,305 5,780 Operating income 77 37 55 114 81 Depreciation (51) (50) (40) (101) (84) EBITDA 128 87 95 215 165
Sales in 2Q 2025 increased by 5.6% to $2.7 billion as compared to $2.6 billion in 1Q 2025.
Operating income in 2Q 2025 was $77 million as compared to $37 million in 1Q 2025, primarily due to a seasonal improvement in the construction business and ramp-up of the India renewables project (see below).
EBITDA in 2Q 2025 of $128 million was 48.0% higher as compared to $87 million in 1Q 2025, primarily due to seasonally higher construction business activity and improved EBITDA contribution from the ramp-up of the India renewables project (operating at >90% of target plant load and contributing $24 million EBITDA, in line with targeted profitability).
Mining
(USDm) unless otherwise shown 2Q 25 1Q 25 2Q 24 1H 25 1H 24 Sales 857 735 641 1,592 1,370 Operating income 196 253 150 449 396 Depreciation (66) (67) (66) (133) (131) EBITDA 262 320 216 582 527 Iron ore production (Mt) 8.3 8.4 5.9 16.7 12.4 Iron ore shipment (Mt) 9.9 8.0 6.2 17.9 12.5
Note: Mining segment comprises iron ore operations of ArcelorMittal Mines Canada (AMMC) and ArcelorMittal Liberia.
Sales in 2Q 2025 increased by 16.6% to $857 million as compared to $735 million in 1Q 2025, primarily due to 22.7% higher iron ore shipments, offset in part by 6.0% decline in iron ore reference prices.
Iron ore production in 2Q 2025 marginally decreased to 8.3Mt as compared to 8.4Mt in 1Q 2025. Production in ArcelorMittal Mines Canada (AMMC) was impacted by planned maintenance. Production in Liberia reached a record level driven by operational improvements and ramp up of phase 2 infrastructure and mining equipment.
Iron ore shipments in 2Q 2025 included ~2Mt of inventory from prior periods that had accumulated at Port Cartier (AMMC) during the rehabilitation of the wharf.
Operating income in 2Q 2025 decreased by 22.5% to $196 million as compared to $253 million in 1Q 2025, driven by impacts of lower iron ore prices (including lower premia) and higher costs offset in part by higher iron ore shipments.
EBITDA in 2Q 2025 of $262 million was 18.0% lower as compared to $320 million in 1Q 2025, as discussed above.
Recent developments
- On June 18, 2025, in accordance with the definitive Equity Purchase Agreement (the "EPA") signed between ArcelorMittal and Nippon Steel Corporation ("NSC") on October 11, 2024, the Company confirms that it has completed the acquisition of NSC's 50% equity stake in AM/NS Calvert, with ArcelorMittal already holding the balance. The facility, now renamed ArcelorMittal Calvert, was originally acquired by ArcelorMittal and NSC in 2014 from ThyssenKrupp for total consideration of $1.55 billion. The operation was originally built at a cost of approximately $5 billion. It commenced operations in 2010 and has a flat rolled steel capacity of 5.3 million metric tonnes, annually. It is one of the most advanced steel making facilities in North America, with assets that include: State-of-the-art hot strip mill (HSM) designed to roll advanced high strength steels (AHSS), Line Pipe and Stainless products; Continuous Pickling Line (CPL) and coupled Pickle Line-Tandem Cold Mill (PLTCM) optimized for auto production (including exposed); and Coating and Continuous Annealing Lines, galvanized, galvanneal, aluminized, and cold rolled, which can supply advanced automotive grades including Gen3 AHSS and Press Hardened Steel (PHS).
- On May 5, 2025, following approval by the Brazilian antitrust authority CADE on April 4, 2025, ArcelorMittal acquired control of the Brazilian pipe producer Tuper, a joint venture in which it already held a 40% interest for $0.2 billion. Tuper is one of the largest steel processing companies in Latin America serving oil and gas, civil construction, infrastructure, industrial and automotive markets.
- On April 1, 2025, ArcelorMittal increased its interest in the joint venture AMTBA from 80% to 90% and regained control following certain amendments of the shareholders' agreement. AMTBA manufactures light-weighting solutions for the automotive industry through laser welding and has facilities across Canada, the United States and Mexico.
Outlook
Due to ongoing tariff headwinds, economic activity remains subdued; no restocking has been observed as customers maintain a "wait and see" approach. This has created some headwinds to demand that were not anticipated at the beginning of the year, concentrated in the United States, where flat product apparent steel consumption (ASC) is now forecast to decline slightly in 2025 within the range of -2.0% to 0% (as compared to growth of 1.0% to 3.0% forecast at the beginning of the year). Section 232 tariffs have also increased costs and negatively impacted the supply/demand balance in Canada and Mexico markets.
In Europe demand is faring relatively better, and flat product ASC growth is expected in the range of -0.5% to +1.5% in 2025, only marginally below the forecast at the beginning of the year (+0% to +2.0%) due to more limited direct tariff impacts and support from lower interest rates. Looking beyond the near-term challenges (seasonal demand weakness and manufacturing activity at stable but low levels), inventories in Europe remain low, and the prospects of incremental trade policy support, a strengthened carbon border adjustment mechanism, together with higher infrastructure and defense spending, may materially improve the medium-term outlook.
So far this year, steel demand in Brazil has been stronger than initial expectations, and the Company now forecasts positive ASC growth of up to 2.0% in 2025 (vs. a stable demand forecast previously). India continues to be the fastest growing major steel market, with demand well supported particularly by infrastructure investment; ASC remains on track to increase in the range of 6.0% to 7.0% in 2025.
As a result, World ex-China ASC is now expected to grow by +1.5% to +2.5% in 2025, as compared to the initial +2.5% to +3.5% guidance provided at the beginning of the year. China's steel industry capacity remains unsustainable, and its elevated exports continue to weigh on ex-China fundamentals. China demand is expected to remain broadly stable in 2025, with the tariff impacts on exports and real estate weakness being offset by manufacturing and infrastructure demand.
Further contributions from strategic growth projects and Calvert consolidation should support 2H 2025 profitability which will face increased headwinds from Section 232 tariffs and impacts of seasonality. Free cash flow is expected to be positive in 2025, supported by a release of working capital in 2H 2025.
Looking to the medium term, the Company remains positive on the steel demand outlook and believes that it is optimally positioned to execute its strategy of growth with capital returns, and therefore has made no changes to its investment or capital return plans. Capex for 2025 remains guided at $4.5-$5.0 billion, including $1.4-$1.5 billion for strategic growth and $0.3-$0.4 billion for decarbonization projects. Furthermore, the completion and ramp-up of the Company's strategic growth projects is expected to support structurally higher EBITDA and investable cash flow in the coming periods.
ArcelorMittal Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position1
In millions of U.S. dollars Jun 30, 2025 Mar 31, 2025 Dec 31, 2024
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents 5,443 5,319 6,484
Trade accounts receivable and other 4,628 4,108 3,375
Inventories 19,126 16,877 16,501
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 3,576 3,362 3,022
Assets held for sale8 199 -- --
Total Current Assets 32,972 29,666 29,382
Goodwill and intangible assets 5,343 4,599 4,453
Property, plant and equipment 39,621 34,705 33,311
Investments in associates and joint ventures 10,668 11,711 11,420
Deferred tax assets 8,586 8,904 8,942
Other assets 1,688 1,867 1,877
Total Assets 98,878 91,452 89,385
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt 3,173 3,456 2,748
Trade accounts payable and other 12,741 11,884 12,921
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities 7,583 6,656 6,156
Liabilities held for sale8 103 -- --
Total Current Liabilities 23,600 21,996 21,825
Long-term debt, net of current portion 10,559 8,591 8,815
Deferred tax liabilities 2,429 2,418 2,338
Other long-term liabilities 5,820 5,148 5,121
Total Liabilities 42,408 38,153 38,099
Equity attributable to the equity holders of the parent 54,378 51,206 49,223
Non-controlling interests 2,092 2,093 2,063
Total Equity 56,470 53,299 51,286
Total Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity 98,878 91,452 89,385
ArcelorMittal Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations1
Three months ended Six months ended
In millions of U.S. dollars unless otherwise shown Jun 30, 2025 Mar 31, 2025 Jun 30, 2024 Jun 30, 2025 Jun 30, 2024
Sales 15,926 14,798 16,249 30,724 32,531
Depreciation (B) (697) (656) (635) (1,353) (1,277)
Impairment items2 (B) (194) -- -- (194) --
Exceptional items3 (B) 1,162 -- -- 1,162 --
Operating income (A) 1,932 825 1,046 2,757 2,118
Operating margin % 12.1% 5.6% 6.4% 9.0% 6.5%
Income from associates, joint ventures and other investments (C) 199 99 181 298 423
Impairments and exceptional items of associates, joint ventures and other investments 48 -- -- 48 --
Net interest expense (73) (48) (7) (121) (70)
Foreign exchange and other net financing gain/(loss) 8 115 (260) 123 (521)
Non-cash mark-to-market (loss)/gain until acquisition of c.28.4% Vallourec shares -- -- (173) -- 8
Income before taxes and non-controlling interests 2,114 991 787 3,105 1,958
Current tax expense (139) (181) (179) (320) (500)
Deferred tax (expense)/benefit (146) 12 (96) (134) 28
Income tax expense (net) (285) (169) (275) (454) (472)
Net income including non-controlling interests 1,829 822 512 2,651 1,486
Non-controlling interests loss (36) (17) (8) (53) (44)
Net income attributable to equity holders of the parent 1,793 805 504 2,598 1,442
Basic earnings per common share ($) 2.35 1.05 0.63 3.40 1.80
Diluted earnings per common share ($) 2.34 1.04 0.63 3.38 1.79
Weighted average common shares outstanding (in millions) 762 768 794 765 802
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding (in millions) 765 771 797 768 804
OTHER INFORMATION
EBITDA (A-B+C) 1,860 1,580 1,862 3,440 3,818
EBITDA Margin % 11.7% 10.7% 11.5% 11.2% 11.7%
Total Group iron ore production (Mt) 11.8 11.8 9.5 23.6 19.7
Crude steel production (Mt) 14.4 14.8 14.7 29.2 29.1
Steel shipments (Mt) 13.8 13.6 13.9 27.4 27.3
ArcelorMittal Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash flows1
Three months ended Six months ended
In millions of U.S. dollars Jun 30, 2025 Mar 31, 2025 Jun 30, 2024 Jun 30, 2025 Jun 30, 2024
Operating activities:
Income attributable to equity holders of the parent 1,793 805 504 2,598 1,442
Adjustments to reconcile net result to net cash provided by operations:
Non-controlling interests income 36 17 8 53 44
Depreciation and impairments2 891 656 635 1,547 1,277
Exceptional items3 (1,162) -- -- (1,162) --
Income from associates, joint ventures and other investments (199) (99) (181) (298) (423)
Impairments and exceptional items of associates, joint ventures and other investments (48) -- -- (48) --
Deferred tax (benefit)/loss 146 (12) 96 134 (28)
Change in working capital 221 (1,712) 84 (1,491) (1,635)
Other operating activities (net) (262) (9) (73) (271) 296
Net cash provided/(used) by operating activities (A) 1,416 (354) 1,073 1,062 973
Investing activities:
Purchase of property, plant and equipment and intangibles (B) (886) (967) (985) (1,853) (2,221)
Other investing activities (net) 123 (62) (57) 61 217
Net cash used in investing activities (763) (1,029) (1,042) (1,792) (2,004)
Financing activities:
Net (payments)/proceeds relating to payable to banks and long-term debt (358) 197 1,007 (161) 673
Dividends paid to ArcelorMittal shareholders (210) -- (200) (210) (200)
Dividends paid to minorities shareholders (C) (16) (30) (7) (46) (84)
Share buyback (168) (94) (293) (262) (890)
Lease payments and other financing activities (net) (61) (50) 7 (111) (45)
Net cash (used)/provided by financing activities (813) 23 514 (790) (546)
Net (decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents (160) (1,360) 545 (1,520) (1,577)
Cash and cash equivalents transferred to assets held for sale (29) -- -- (29) --
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash 302 205 (81) 507 (271)
Change in cash and cash equivalents 113 (1,155) 464 (1,042) (1,848)
Free cash flow (A+B+C) 514 (1,351) 81 (837) (1,332)
Appendix 1: Capital expenditures1
(USD million) 2Q 25 1Q 25 2Q 24 1H 25 1H 24 North America 113 110 100 223 211 Brazil 139 180 211 319 414 Europe 294 329 275 623 718 Sustainable Solutions 77 53 80 130 240 Mining 208 235 262 443 497 Others 55 60 57 115 141 Total 886 967 985 1,853 2,221
Appendix 1a: Strategic growth projects completed during the last 4 quarters
Segment Site / unit Capacity / details Impact on EBITDA6 Key date / forecast completion Sustainable Solutions Andhra Pradesh (India) Renewable energy project: 1GW of nominal solar and wind power $0.1bn (incl. our share of net income in AMNS India) 2Q 2025 Mining Liberia mine Iron ore expansion to 20Mt/year; blending a portion of the new concentrate with crushed ore product to produce a sinter feed blend (>62% Fe) $450m Commissioning underway North America Calvert New 1.5Mt EAF and caster $85m Commissioned
Appendix 1b: Ongoing strategic growth projects10
Segment Site / unit Capacity / details Impact on EBITDA6 Key date / forecast completion Brazil Serra Azul mine Facilities to produce 4.5Mt/year DRI quality pellet feed by exploiting compact itabirite iron ore $100m 2H 2025 Brazil Barra Mansa Increase capacity of HAV bars and sections by 0.4Mt/pa $70m 2H 2025 Europe Mardyck (France) New Electrical Steels facilities to produce 170kt NGO Electrical Steels (of which 145kt for auto applications) consisting of annealing and pickling line (APL), reversing mill (REV) and annealing and varnishing (ACL) lines $100m 2H 2025 ACL 2H 2026 APL/REV North America Las Truchas mine (Mexico) Revamping project with 1Mtpa pellet feed capacity increase (to 2.3Mt/year) with DRI concentrate grade capability $50m 2H 2026 AMNS India Hazira Debottlenecking existing assets; AMNS India medium-term Phase 1 plans are to expand and grow in Hazira to 15Mt by end of 2026; ongoing downstream projects; additional greenfield opportunities under development $0.4bn (our 60% share of net income for Phase 1 and ongoing downstream projects) 2H 2026 North America AM Calvert (US) Advanced manufacturing facility for non-grain-oriented electrical steel (NOES) with a capacity of up to 150kt per year, essential for EV production and other commercial / industrial applications. The project consists of annealing and pickling line (APL), reversing cold mill (RCM) and annealing and varnishing (ACL) $230m 2H 2027
Appendix 2: Debt repayment schedule as of June 30, 2025
(USD billion) 2025 2026 2027 2028 greater-than or equal to2029 Total Bonds 0.9 1.1 1.2 0.6 4.2 8.0 Commercial paper 0.8 0.2 -- -- -- 1.0 Other loans 0.7 0.3 0.8 0.6 2.3 4.7 Total gross debt 2.4 1.6 2.0 1.2 6.5 13.7
As of June 30, 2025, the average debt maturity is 7.6 years.
Appendix 3: Reconciliation of gross debt to net debt
(USD million) Jun 30, 2025 Mar 31, 2025 Dec 31, 2024
Gross debt 13,732 12,047 11,563
Less: Cash and cash equivalents (5,443) (5,319) (6,484)
Less: Cash and cash equivalents held as part of the assets held for sale8 (29) 0 0
Net debt (including Cash and cash equivalents held as part of assets held for sale) 8,260 6,728 5,079
Net debt / LTM EBITDA 1.2 1.0 0.7
Appendix 4: Adjusted net income and adjusted basic EPS
(USD million) 2Q 25 1Q 25 2Q 24 1H 25 1H 24
Net income attributable to equity holders of the parent 1,793 805 504 2,598 1,442
Impairment items2 (194) -- -- (194) --
Exceptional items3 1,162 -- -- 1,162 --
Impairments and exceptional items of associates, joint ventures, and other investments 48 -- -- 48 --
Mark-to-market (loss)/gain on purchase of stake in Vallourec -- -- (173) -- 8
Related tax impacts and one-off tax charges3 (228) -- -- (228) --
Adjusted net income attributable to equity holders of the parent 1,005 805 677 1,810 1,434
Weighted average common shares outstanding (in millions) 762 768 794 765 802
Adjusted basic EPS $/share 1.32 1.05 0.85 2.37 1.79
Appendix 5: Terms and definitions
Unless indicated otherwise, or the context otherwise requires, references in this earnings release to the following terms have the meanings set out next to them below:
Adjusted basic EPS: refers to adjusted net income divided by the weighted average common shares outstanding.
Adjusted net income: refers to reported net income(loss) less impairment items and exceptional items (including mark-to-market on purchase of Vallourec shares and related tax impacts and one-off tax charges).
Apparent steel consumption: calculated as the sum of production plus imports minus exports.
Average steel selling prices: calculated as steel sales divided by steel shipments.
Cash and cash equivalents: represent cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and short-term investments.
Capex: represents the purchase of property, plant and equipment and intangibles. The Group's capex figures do not include capex at the JVs level (i.e. AMNS India and AM/NS Calvert until June 18, 2025).
Crude steel production: steel in the first solid state after melting, suitable for further processing or for sale.
Depreciation: refers to amortization and depreciation.
EPS: refers to basic or diluted earnings per share.
EBITDA: defined as operating income (loss) plus depreciation, impairment items and exceptional items and income (loss) from associates, joint ventures and other investments (excluding impairments and exceptional items if any).
EBITDA/tonne: calculated as EBITDA divided by total steel shipments.
Exceptional items: income / (charges) relate to transactions that are significant, infrequent or unusual and are not representative of the normal course of business of the period.
Free cash flow (FCF): refers to net cash provided by operating activities less capex less dividends paid to minority shareholders. The term free cash outflow is used when the difference is negative (i.e., negative free cash flow)
Foreign exchange and other net financing income(loss): include foreign currency exchange impact, bank fees, interest on pensions, impairment of financial assets, revaluation of derivative instruments and other charges that cannot be directly linked to operating results.
Gross debt: long-term debt and short-term debt.
Impairment items: refers to impairment charges.
Income from associates, joint ventures and other investments: refers to income from associates, joint ventures and other investments (excluding impairments and exceptional items if any).
Investable cash flow: refers to net cash provided by operating activities less maintenance/normative capex.
Iron ore reference prices: refers to iron ore prices for 62% Fe CFR China. Pricing is generally linked to market price indexes and uses a variety of mechanisms, including current spot prices and average prices over specified periods. Therefore, there may not be a direct correlation between market reference prices and actual selling prices in various regions at a given time.
Kt: refers to thousand metric tonnes.
Liquidity: defined as cash and cash equivalents (included cash held as part of assets held for sale) plus available revolving credit facilities
LTIF: refers to lost time injury frequency rate equals lost time injuries per 1,000,000 worked hours, based on own personnel and contractors.
Maintenance/normative capex: refers to capital expenditures outside of strategic capital expenditures and decarbonization projects (and includes cost reduction plans and environment projects as well as general maintenance capital expenditures).
Mt: refers to million metric tonnes.
Net debt: long-term debt and short-term debt less cash and cash equivalents (including cash and cash equivalents held as part of assets held for sale)
Net debt/LTM EBITDA: refers to Net debt divided by EBITDA for the last twelve months.
Net interest expense: includes interest expense less interest income.
Operating results: refers to operating income(loss).
Operating segments: North America segment includes the Flat, Long and Tubular operations of US, Canada and Mexico; and also includes all Mexico mines. The Brazil segment includes the Flat, Long and Tubular operations of Brazil and its neighboring countries including Argentina, Costa Rica, Venezuela; and also includes Andrade and Serra Azul captive iron ore mines. The Europe segment includes the Flat, Long and includes Bosnia and Herzegovina captive iron ore mines; Sustainable Solutions division includes Downstream Solutions and Tubular operations of the European business and our renewables operations in India. The Others segment includes the Flat, Long and Tubular operations of Ukraine and South Africa, the captive iron ore mines in Ukraine, holding companies and intragroup stock margin eliminations. Mining segment includes iron ore operations of ArcelorMittal Mines Canada and ArcelorMittal Liberia.
Own iron ore production: includes total of all finished production of fines, concentrate, pellets and lumps and includes share of production.
Price-cost effect: a lack of correlation or a lag in the corollary relationship between raw material and steel prices, which can either have a positive (i.e. increased spread between steel prices and raw material costs) or negative effect (i.e. a squeeze or decreased spread between steel prices and raw material costs).
Shipments: information at segment and Group level eliminates intra-segment shipments (which are primarily between Flat/Long plants and Tubular plants) and inter-segment shipments respectively. Shipments of Downstream Solutions are excluded.
Working capital change (working capital investment / release): refers to movement of change in working capital - trade accounts receivable plus inventories less trade and other accounts payable.
Footnotes
- The financial information in this press release has been prepared consistently with International Financial Reporting Standards ("IFRS") as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board ("IASB") and as adopted by the European Union. The interim financial information included in this announcement has also been prepared in accordance with IFRS applicable to interim periods, however this announcement does not contain sufficient information to constitute an interim financial report as defined in International Accounting Standard 34, "Interim Financial Reporting". The numbers in this press release have not been audited. The financial information and certain other information presented in a number of tables in this press release have been rounded to the nearest whole number or the nearest decimal. Therefore, the sum of the numbers in a column may not conform exactly to the total figure given for that column. In addition, certain percentages presented in the tables in this press release reflect calculations based upon the underlying information prior to rounding and, accordingly, may not conform exactly to the percentages that would be derived if the relevant calculations were based upon the rounded numbers. Segment information presented in this press release is prior to inter-segment eliminations and certain adjustments made to operating results of the segments to reflect corporate costs, income from non-steel operations (e.g. logistics and shipping services) and the elimination of stock margins between the segments.
- Impairment charges of $194 million in 2Q 2025 related to announced divestment of Zenica integrated steel plant and Prijedor iron ore mining business in Bosnia.
- Exceptional gains of $1,162 million in 2Q 2025 includes a $1,742 million gain from acquiring Nippon Steel's 50% stake in AM/NS Calvert (North America segment), partially offset mainly by final settlement of the purchase price of Votorantim's long business in Brazil ($0.4 billion).