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CHIMERA INVESTMENT CORPORATION REPORTS 1ST QUARTER 2024 EARNINGS

NEW YORK, May 9, 2024 (BUSINESS WIRE) --
Chimera Investment Corporation (NYSE:CIM) today announced its financial results for the first quarter ended March 31, 2024.

This press release features multimedia. View the full release here: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20240509401236/en/

Financial Highlights:

1ST QUARTER GAAP NET INCOME OF $0.45 PER DILUTED COMMON SHARE 1ST QUARTER EARNINGS AVAILABLE FOR DISTRIBUTION(1) OF $0.12 PER DILUTED COMMON SHARE GAAP BOOK VALUE OF $7.11 PER COMMON SHARE

"Chimera's book value increased in the first quarter to $7.11 per share and generated an economic return (2) of 7% for the period," said Phillip J. Kardis, Chimera's President and CEO. "Since the beginning of the year, we acquired approximately $50 million in subordinated tranches of new issue mortgage securitizations and settled on $78 million of residential transition loans. We believe these investments will provide accretive returns to the portfolio while preserving liquidity for future deployment."

(1)   Earnings available for distribution per adjusted diluted common share is a non-GAAP measure. See additional discussion on page 5.

Other Information

Chimera Investment Corporation is a publicly traded real estate investment trust, or REIT, that is primarily engaged in the business of investing directly or indirectly through its subsidiaries, on a leveraged basis, in a diversified portfolio of mortgage assets, including residential mortgage loans, Non-Agency RMBS, Agency CMBS, Agency RMBS, and other real estate related securities.

                                                                                                                          CHIMERA INVESTMENT CORPORATION
                                                                                                                  CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
                                                                                                              (dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)
                                                                                                                                    (Unaudited)
                                                                                                                                                                         March 31, 2024                                      December 31, 2023
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------   --------------------------------------------------
Cash and cash equivalents                                                                                                                                                                   $    168,958                      $    221,684  
Non-Agency RMBS, at fair value (net of allowance for credit losses of $20 million and $19 million, respectively)                                                            1,059,863      1,043,806  
Agency MBS, at fair value                                                                                                                                                      65,999        102,484  
Loans held for investment, at fair value                                                                                                                                   11,074,519     11,397,046  
Accrued interest receivable                                                                                                                                                    81,147         76,960  
Other assets                                                                                                                                                                   96,086         87,018  
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------- ---------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------- --------------------
Total assets (1)                                                                                                                                                                            $ 12,546,572                      $ 12,928,998  
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------- ---------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------- --------------------
Liabilities:                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
Secured financing agreements ($3.6 billion and $3.6 billion pledged as collateral, respectively, and includes $340 million and $374 million at fair value, respectively)                    $  2,384,678                      $  2,432,115  
Securitized debt, collateralized by Non-Agency RMBS ($244 million and $249 million pledged as collateral, respectively)                                                        73,162         75,012  
Securitized debt at fair value, collateralized by Loans held for investment ($10.5 billion and $10.7 billion pledged as collateral, respectively)                           7,336,345      7,601,881  
Payable for investments purchased                                                                                                                                               6,135        158,892  
Accrued interest payable                                                                                                                                                       35,481         38,272  
Dividends payable                                                                                                                                                              54,849         54,552  
Accounts payable and other liabilities                                                                                                                                         10,336          9,355  
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------- ---------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------- --------------------
Total liabilities (1)                                                                                                                                                                       $  9,900,986                      $ 10,370,079  
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------- ---------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------- --------------------
                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
Stockholders' Equity:                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
Preferred Stock, par value of $0.01 per share, 100,000,000 shares authorized:                                                                                                                                                               
8.00% Series A cumulative redeemable: 5,800,000 shares issued and outstanding, respectively ($145,000 liquidation preference)                                                               $         58                      $         58  
8.00% Series B cumulative redeemable: 13,000,000 shares issued and outstanding, respectively ($325,000 liquidation preference)                                                    130            130  
7.75% Series C cumulative redeemable: 10,400,000 shares issued and outstanding, respectively ($260,000 liquidation preference)                                                    104            104  
8.00% Series D cumulative redeemable: 8,000,000 shares issued and outstanding, respectively ($200,000 liquidation preference)                                                      80             80  
Common stock: par value $0.01 per share; 500,000,000 shares authorized, 241,417,867 and 241,360,656 shares issued and outstanding, respectively                                 2,415          2,414  
Additional paid-in-capital                                                                                                                                                  4,371,502      4,368,520  
Accumulated other comprehensive income                                                                                                                                        185,447        185,668  
Cumulative earnings                                                                                                                                                         4,294,500      4,165,046  
Cumulative distributions to stockholders                                                                                                                                   (6,208,650                    )   (6,163,101                    )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------- ---------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------- --------------------
Total stockholders' equity                                                                                                                                                                  $  2,645,586                      $  2,558,919  
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------- ---------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------- --------------------

(1) The Company's consolidated statements of financial condition include assets of consolidated variable interest entities, or VIEs, that can only be used to settle obligations and liabilities of the VIE for which creditors do not have recourse to the primary beneficiary (Chimera Investment Corporation). As of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, total assets of consolidated VIEs were $10,299,963 and $10,501,840, respectively, and total liabilities of consolidated VIEs were $7,093,458 and $7,349,109, respectively.

                                                                                   Net Income (Loss)
                                                                (dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)
                                                                                      (unaudited)
                                                                                                For the Quarters Ended
                                                                     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                       March 31, 2024                                           March 31, 2023
                                                                     ------------------------------------------------------   ------------------------------------------------------
Net interest income:                                                                                        
Interest income (1)                                                                     $        186,574                      $        189,250  
Interest expense (2)                                                          121,468            119,615  
-------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------- -------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------- --------------------
Net interest income                                                            65,106             69,635  
-------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------- -------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------- --------------------
                                                                                         
-------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------   ------------------------------------------------------
Increase (decrease) in provision for credit losses                              1,347              3,062  
-------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------- -------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------- --------------------
                                                                                         
Other investment gains (losses):                                                                            
Net unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives                                    5,189             (8,551                    )
Realized gains (losses) on derivatives                                 --            (34,134                    )
Periodic interest cost of swaps, net                                            5,476              2,819  
-------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------- -------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------- --------------------
Net gains (losses) on derivatives                                              10,665            (39,866                    )
-------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------- -------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------- --------------------
Net unrealized gains (losses) on financial instruments at fair value           76,765             64,592  
Net realized gains (losses) on sales of investments                            (3,750                    )           (5,264                    )
Gains (losses) on extinguishment of debt                               --              2,309  
Other investment gains (losses)                                                 4,686                117  
-------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------- -------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------- --------------------
Total other gains (losses)                                                     88,366             21,888  
-------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------- -------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------- --------------------
                                                                                         
Other expenses:                                                                                             
Compensation and benefits                                                       9,213             10,491  
General and administrative expenses                                             5,720              5,778  
Servicing and asset manager fees                                                7,663              8,417  
Transaction expenses                                                               67              6,409  
-------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------- -------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------- --------------------
Total other expenses                                                           22,663             31,095  
-------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------- -------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------- --------------------
Income (loss) before income taxes                                             129,462             57,366  
Income taxes                                                                        8     --  
-------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------- -------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------- --------------------
Net income (loss)                                                                       $        129,454                      $         57,366  
==================================================================== ==================== ============== ==================== ==================== ============== ====================
                                                                                         
Dividends on preferred stock                                                   18,438             18,438  
-------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------- -------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------- --------------------
Net income (loss) available to common shareholders                                      $        111,016                      $         38,928  
==================================================================== ==================== ============== ==================== ==================== ============== ====================
                                                                                         
Net income (loss) per share available to common shareholders:                                               
-------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------   ------------------------------------------------------
Basic                                                                                   $           0.46                      $           0.17  
-------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------- -------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------- --------------------
Diluted                                                                                 $           0.45                      $           0.17  
-------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------- -------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------- --------------------
                                                                                         
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding:                                                       
-------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------   ------------------------------------------------------
Basic                                                                     243,718,142        231,994,620  
-------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------- -------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------- --------------------

(1) Includes interest income of consolidated VIEs of $146,917 and $139,902 for the quarters ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

(2) Includes interest expense of consolidated VIEs of $73,123 and $60,152 for the quarters ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

                                                                                CHIMERA INVESTMENT CORPORATION
                                                                    CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
                                                                    (dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)
                                                                                          (Unaudited)
                                                                                                                      
                                                                                                          For the Quarters Ended
                                                                                     March 31, 2024                                        March 31, 2023
                                                                                   ------------------------------------------------------   -----------------------------------------------
Comprehensive income (loss):                                                                                              
Net income (loss)                                                                                     $        129,454                      $  57,366  
Other comprehensive income:                                                                                               
Unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities, net                                (221                    )    (5,905                    )
Reclassification adjustment for net realized losses (gains) included in net income   --       1,315  
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------- -------------- -------------------- -------------------- ------- --------------------
Other comprehensive income (loss)                                                                     $           (221                    )                    $  (4,590                    )
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------- -------------- -------------------- -------------------- ------- --------------------
Comprehensive income (loss) before preferred stock dividends                                          $        129,233                      $  52,776  
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------- -------------- -------------------- -------------------- ------- --------------------
Dividends on preferred stock                                                                          $         18,438                      $  18,438  
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------- -------------- -------------------- -------------------- ------- --------------------

Earnings available for distribution

Earnings available for distribution is a non-GAAP measure and is defined as GAAP net income excluding unrealized gains or losses on financial instruments carried at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in earnings, realized gains or losses on the sales of investments, gains or losses on the extinguishment of debt, changes in the provision for credit losses, other gains or losses on equity investments, and transaction expenses incurred. Transaction expenses are primarily comprised of costs only incurred at the time of execution of our securitizations and certain structured secured financing agreements and include costs such as underwriting fees, legal fees, diligence fees, bank fees and other similar transaction related expenses. These costs are all incurred prior to or at the execution of the transaction and do not recur. Recurring expenses, such as servicing fees, custodial fees, trustee fees and other similar ongoing fees are not excluded from earnings available for distribution. We believe that excluding these costs is useful to investors as it is generally consistent with our peer groups treatment of these costs in their non-GAAP measures presentation, mitigates period to period comparability issues tied to the timing of securitization and structured finance transactions, and is consistent with the accounting for the deferral of debt issue costs prior to the fair value election option made by us. In addition, we believe it is important for investors to review this metric which is consistent with how management internally evaluates the performance of the Company. Stock compensation expense charges incurred on awards to retirement eligible employees is reflected as an expense over a vesting period (generally 36 months) rather than reported as an immediate expense.

Earnings available for distribution is the Economic net interest income, as defined previously, reduced by compensation and benefits expenses (adjusted for awards to retirement eligible employees), general and administrative expenses, servicing and asset manager fees, income tax benefits or expenses incurred during the period, as well as the preferred dividend charges.

We view Earnings available for distribution as one measure of our investment portfolio's ability to generate income for distribution to common stockholders. Earnings available for distribution is one of the metrics, but not the exclusive metric, that our Board of Directors uses to determine the amount, if any, of dividends on our common stock. Other metrics that our Board of Directors may consider when determining the amount, if any, of dividends on our common stock include (among others) REIT taxable income, dividend yield, book value, cash generated from the portfolio, reinvestment opportunities and other cash needs. In addition, Earnings available for distribution is different than REIT taxable income and the determination of whether we have met the requirement to distribute at least 90% of our annual REIT taxable income (subject to certain adjustments) to our stockholders in order to maintain qualification as a REIT is not based on Earnings available for distribution. Therefore, Earnings available for distribution should not be considered as an indication of our REIT taxable income, a guaranty of our ability to pay dividends, or as a proxy for the amount of dividends we may pay. We believe Earnings available for distribution as described above helps us and investors evaluate our financial performance period over period without the impact of certain transactions. Therefore, Earnings available for distribution should not be viewed in isolation and is not a substitute for net income or net income per basic share computed in accordance with GAAP. In addition, our methodology for calculating Earnings available for distribution may differ from the methodologies employed by other REITs to calculate the same or similar supplemental performance measures, and accordingly, our Earnings available for distribution may not be comparable to the Earnings available for distribution reported by other REITs.

The following table provides GAAP measures of net income and net income per diluted share available to common stockholders for the periods presented and details with respect to reconciling the line items to Earnings available for distribution and related per average diluted common share amounts. Earnings available for distribution is presented on an adjusted dilutive shares basis.

                                                                                                                                                                                 For the Quarters Ended
                                                                          March 31, 2024                                          December 31, 2023                                       September 30, 2023                                       June 30, 2023                                    March 31, 2023
                                                                                                                                                                      (dollars in thousands, except per share data)
                                                                        ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GAAP Net income (loss) available to common stockholders                                    $        111,016                      $         12,104                      $        (16,268                    )                    $  17,586                      $  38,928  
                                                                        -------------------- -------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------- -------------------- -------------------- ------- -------------------- -------------------- ------- --------------------
Adjustments:                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
                                                                                 (76,765                    )           (6,815                    )           43,988      (6,954                    )   (64,592                    )
   Net unrealized (gains) losses on financial instruments at fair value
                                                                                   3,750              3,752                460      21,758       5,264  
   Net realized (gains) losses on sales of investments
                                                                          --              2,473     --      (4,039                    )    (2,309                    )
   (Gains) losses on extinguishment of debt
                                                                                   1,347              2,330              3,217       2,762       3,062  
   Increase (decrease) in provision for credit losses
                                                                                  (5,189                    )           15,871                (17                    )   (17,994                    )     8,551  
   Net unrealized (gains) losses on derivatives
                                                                          --     --     --       6,822      34,134  
   Realized (gains) losses on derivatives
                                                                                      67                425                 90       8,456       6,409  
   Transaction expenses
                                                                                   1,024               (391                    )             (392                    )      (388                    )     2,141  
   Stock Compensation expense for retirement eligible awards
                                                                                  (4,686                    )              986             (2,381                    )       421        (117                    )
   Other investment (gains) losses
                                                                        -------------------- -------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------- -------------------- -------------------- ------- -------------------- -------------------- ------- --------------------
Earnings available for distribution                                                        $         30,564                      $         30,735                      $         28,697                      $  28,430                      $  31,471  
                                                                        -------------------- -------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------- -------------------- -------------------- ------- -------------------- -------------------- ------- --------------------
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                                        ------------------------------------------------------   ------------------------------------------------------   ------------------------------------------------------   -----------------------------------------------   -----------------------------------------------
GAAP net income (loss) per diluted common share                                            $           0.45                      $           0.05                      $          (0.07                    )                    $    0.08                      $    0.17  
                                                                        -------------------- -------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------- -------------------- -------------------- ------- -------------------- -------------------- ------- --------------------

The following tables provide a summary of the Company's MBS portfolio at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

                                                                           March 31, 2024
-------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Principal or Notional Value        Weighted Average Amortized      Weighted Average Fair Value  Weighted Average   Weighted Average Yield at Period-End (1)
                                at Period-End                       Cost Basis                                                Coupon
                           (dollars in thousands)
-------------------- ---------------------------------  ---------------------------------  --------------------------- -------------------  ---------------------------------------
Non-Agency RMBS                                                                     
                                        $     1,057,200                    $         45.50                       62.83        5.7 %                         16.9 %
    Senior
                             610,429           53.85                       51.49        3.8 %                          7.2 %
    Subordinated
                           2,819,698            5.57                        2.88        0.5 %                          6.2 %
    Interest-only
Agency RMBS                                                                          
                             388,676            5.01                        3.83        0.1 %                          6.6 %
   Interest-only
Agency CMBS                                                                          
                              48,651          101.28                       89.84        3.7 %                          3.6 %
   Project loans

(1) Bond Equivalent Yield at period end.

  December 31, 2023                                                                                 December 31, 2023
-------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Principal or Notional Value at Period-End    Weighted Average Amortized         Weighted Average Fair Value      Weighted Average   Weighted Average Yield at Period-End (1)
                               (dollars in thousands)                      Cost Basis                                                       Coupon
-------------------- ----------------------------------------  ---------------------------------  ---------------------------------  -------------------  ---------------------------------------
Non-Agency RMBS                                                                
                                        $            1,073,632                    $         45.69                    $         62.98        5.7 %                         17.3 %
   Senior
                                    583,049           50.92           47.49        3.3 %                          6.7 %
   Subordinated
                                  2,874,680            5.49            3.16        0.5 %                          4.2 %
   Interest-only
Agency RMBS                                                                                        
                                    392,284            4.90            3.83        0.1 %                          5.7 %
   Interest-only
Agency CMBS                                                                                        
                                     86,572          101.44           91.46        4.0 %                          3.8 %
   Project loans

(1) Bond Equivalent Yield at period end.

At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the secured financing agreements collateralized by MBS and Loans held for investment had the following remaining maturities and borrowing rates.

   March 31, 2024        March 31, 2024                                                                            March 31, 2024                                                                                                                                                December 31, 2023
  (dollars in thousands)                                                                                                                                                             (dollars in thousands)
                     ---------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
         Principal                     Principal             Weighted Average Borrowing Rates    Weighted Average Borrowing Rates   Range of Borrowing Rates Range of Borrowing Rates                 Principal             Weighted Average Borrowing Rates    Weighted Average Borrowing Rates   Range of Borrowing Rates Range of Borrowing Rates
                     ---------------------- ----------------------------------  -------------------------------- ------------------------------------  ------------------------ ------------------------                      ----------------------------------  -------------------------------- ------------------------------------  ------------------------ ------------------------
Overnight                                 $                    $ --                              N/A              N/A              N/A                      N/A                                $ --                              N/A              N/A              NA                       NA
1 to 29 days                              $                    $        259,229                             7.56             7.56 %                          6.20% - 8.18%            6.20% - 8.18%                           $        272,490                             7.35             7.35 %                          6.30% - 8.22%            6.30% - 8.22%
30 to 59 days                     473,497                             6.71             6.71 %                          5.44% - 7.82%            5.44% - 7.82%                 495,636                             6.68             6.68 %                          5.58% - 7.87%            5.58% - 7.87%
60 to 89 days                     194,024                             7.21             7.21 %                          5.84% - 7.58%            5.84% - 7.58%                 305,426                             7.17             7.17 %                          5.93% - 7.85%            5.93% - 7.85%
90 to 119 days                     69,793                             6.29             6.29 %                          6.29% - 6.29%            6.29% - 6.29%                  54,376                             7.46             7.46 %                          6.59% - 7.80%            6.59% - 7.80%
120 to 180 days                   187,582                             6.89             6.89 %                          6.35% - 7.65%            6.35% - 7.65%                 105,727                             7.09             7.09 %                          6.72% - 7.80%            6.72% - 7.80%
180 days to 1 year                616,005                             9.50             9.50 %                         6.63% - 12.50%           6.63% - 12.50%                  39,620                             7.06             7.06 %                          6.66% - 7.39%            6.66% - 7.39%
1 to 2 years                      244,967                             8.33             8.33 %                          8.33% - 8.33%            8.33% - 8.33%                 808,601                             9.36             9.36 %                         8.36% - 12.50%           8.36% - 12.50%
2 to 3 years               --                              N/A              N/A              N/A                      N/A               --                              N/A              N/A              N/A                      N/A
Greater than 3 years              358,581                             5.08             5.08 %                          5.08% - 5.08%            5.08% - 5.08%                 362,215                             5.11             5.11 %                          5.10% - 7.15%            5.10% - 7.15%
-------------------- ---------------------- -------------------- -------------- -------------------------------- ---------------- -------------------- ------------------------                                               -------------------- -------------- -------------------------------- ---------------- -------------------- ------------------------

The following table summarizes certain characteristics of our portfolio at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

         March 31, 2024  December 31, 2023
--------------------------- -------------- -----------------
GAAP Leverage at period-end          3.7:1             4.0:1
                   March 31, 2024  December 31, 2023  March 31, 2024  December 31, 2023
                                      -------------  ----------------                       -------------  ----------------
Portfolio Composition                          Amortized Cost                       Fair Value
                                      -----------------------------                         -----------------------------
                                          7.9 %           7.5 %              8.7 %           8.3 %
   Non-Agency RMBS
                                          3.9 %           4.0 %              5.4 %           5.4 %
      Senior
                                          2.7 %           2.3 %              2.6 %           2.2 %
      Subordinated
                                          1.3 %           1.2 %              0.7 %           0.7 %
      Interest-only
                                          0.2 %           0.2 %              0.1 %           0.1 %
   Agency RMBS
                                          0.2 %           0.2 %              0.1 %           0.1 %
      Interest-only
                                          0.5 %           0.7 %              0.4 %           0.7 %
   Agency CMBS
                                          0.4 %           0.6 %              0.4 %           0.6 %
      Project loans
                                          0.1 %           0.1 %              0.1 %           0.1 %
      Interest-only
                                         91.4 %          91.6 %             90.8 %          90.9 %
   Loans held for investment
                                         96.5 %          96.5 %             96.0 %          95.9 %
   Fixed-rate percentage of portfolio

Economic Net Interest Income

Our Economic net interest income is a non-GAAP financial measure that equals GAAP net interest income adjusted for net periodic interest cost of interest rate swaps and excludes interest earned on cash. For the purpose of computing economic net interest income and ratios relating to cost of funds measures throughout this section, interest expense includes net payments on our interest rate swaps, which is presented as a part of Net gains (losses) on derivatives in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Interest rate swaps are used to manage the increase in interest paid on secured financing agreements in a rising rate environment. Presenting the net contractual interest payments on interest rate swaps with the interest paid on interest-bearing liabilities reflects our total contractual interest payments. We believe this presentation is useful to investors because it depicts the economic value of our investment strategy by showing all components of interest expense and net interest income of our investment portfolio. However, Economic net interest income should not be viewed in isolation and is not a substitute for net interest income computed in accordance with GAAP. Where indicated, interest expense, adjusting for any interest earned on cash, is referred to as Economic interest expense. Where indicated, net interest income reflecting net periodic interest cost of interest rate swaps and any interest earned on cash, is referred to as Economic net interest income.

The following table reconciles the Economic net interest income to GAAP net interest income and Economic interest expense to GAAP interest expense for the periods presented.

                          GAAP           GAAP      Periodic Interest Cost of Interest Rate Swaps Economic Interest   GAAP Net Interest Periodic Interest Cost of Interest Rate Swaps   Other (1)     Economic
                                           Interest                          Interest                                                       Expense                                Income                                                                        Net
                                            Income                            Expense                                                                                                                                                                         Interest
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Income
---------------------------------------- -----------                       -----------  -------------------------------------------   ----------------                       ----------------  --------------------------------------------  ------------   ----------
For the Quarter Ended March 31, 2024        $ 186,574      $ 121,468               $          (5,476             )        $  115,992          $   65,106                      $                  5,476   $ (2,581   )    $ 68,001
---------------------------------------- ---- -------                      ---- ------- --------------- --------------- ------------- -------- --------                      -------- -------- ---------------------- ---------------------- --- ------ --- ---- ------
For the Quarter Ended December 31, 2023     $ 191,204      $ 126,553               $          (5,296             )        $  121,257          $   64,651                      $                  5,296   $ (1,651   )    $ 68,296
---------------------------------------- ---- -------                      ---- ------- --------------- --------------- ------------- -------- --------                      -------- -------- ---------------------- ---------------------- --- ------ --- ---- ------
For the Quarter Ended September 30, 2023    $ 195,591      $ 132,193               $          (4,894             )        $  127,299          $   63,398                      $                  4,894   $ (2,301   )    $ 65,991
---------------------------------------- ---- -------                      ---- ------- --------------- --------------- ------------- -------- --------                      -------- -------- ---------------------- ---------------------- --- ------ --- ---- ------
For the Quarter Ended June 30, 2023         $ 196,859      $ 131,181               $          (4,159             )        $  127,022          $   65,678                      $                  4,159   $ (2,884   )    $ 66,953
---------------------------------------- ---- -------                      ---- ------- --------------- --------------- ------------- -------- --------                      -------- -------- ---------------------- ---------------------- --- ------ --- ---- ------

(1) Primarily interest income on cash and cash equivalents.

The table below shows our average earning assets held, interest earned on assets, yield on average interest earning assets, average debt balance, economic interest expense, economic average cost of funds, economic net interest income, and net interest rate spread for the periods presented.

                      For the Quarter Ended                                                                                                                                                                                              For the Quarter Ended
---------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                      March 31, 2024                                                                                           December 31, 2023                                                                                                March 31, 2023
                                                                                  (dollars in thousands)                                                                                    (dollars in thousands)                                                                                          (dollars in thousands)
                                                             Average                             Interest                     Average                        Average                    Interest                     Interest                     Average                      Average                  Interest                   Interest                   Average
                                                                                Balance                                                        Yield/Cost                                          Balance                                                                            Yield/Cost                                        Balance                                                                      Yield/Cost
---------------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------  ----------------------------------  -------------------                       ----------------------------------  -------------------- ----------------------------------  -------------------                       ------------------------------  -------------------- ------------------------------  -------------------
Assets:                                                                                                                                                                      
---------------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------  ----------------------------------  -------------------                       ----------------------------------  -------------------- ----------------------------------  -------------------                       ------------------------------  -------------------- ------------------------------  -------------------
Interest-earning assets (1):                                                                                                                                                 
                                                                                    $          19,363                    $            325            6.7 %                          $         19,136                    $                    $            303            6.3 %                          $     18,692                    $                    $        322        6.9 %
   Agency RMBS
                                                                            60,345              715            4.7 %                105,270              1,138            4.3 %            307,846          2,957        3.8 %
   Agency CMBS
                                                                           961,903           28,935           12.0 %                950,366             29,611           12.5 %            990,721         30,098       12.2 %
   Non-Agency RMBS
                                                                        11,643,716          154,018            5.3 %             11,882,662            158,501            5.3 %         12,334,025        152,838        5.0 %
   Loans held for investment
---------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------- --------------- -------------------- -------------- -------------- -----                      -------------------- -------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------- -------------- -----                      -------------------- ---------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------
Total                                                                               $      12,685,327                    $        183,993            5.8 %                          $     12,957,434                    $                    $        189,553            5.9 %                          $ 13,651,284                    $                    $    186,215        5.5 %
---------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------- --------------- -------------------- -------------- -------------- -----                      -------------------- -------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------- -------------- -----                      -------------------- ---------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------
                                                                                                                                                          
---------------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------  ----------------------------------  -------------------                       ----------------------------------  -------------------- ----------------------------------  -------------------                       ------------------------------  -------------------- ------------------------------  -------------------
Liabilities and stockholders' equity:                                                                                                                                        
---------------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------  ----------------------------------  -------------------                       ----------------------------------  -------------------- ----------------------------------  -------------------                       ------------------------------  -------------------- ------------------------------  -------------------
Interest-bearing liabilities (2):                                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                                                             
   Secured financing agreements collateralized by:
                                                                                    $  --                    $ -- -- %                          $ --                    $                    $ -- -- %                          $      4,095                    $                    $         52        5.1 %
      Agency RMBS
                                                                            44,632              661            5.9 %                 75,847              1,071            5.6 %            252,102          2,956        4.7 %
      Agency CMBS
                                                                           681,101           11,736            6.9 %                710,550             13,561            7.6 %            762,989         16,063        8.4 %
      Non-Agency RMBS
                                                                         1,696,221           28,106            6.6 %              1,761,188             30,298            6.9 %          2,189,967         34,839        6.4 %
      Loans held for investment
                                                                         8,207,251           75,489            3.7 %              8,422,017             76,327            3.6 %          8,049,843         62,886        3.1 %
   Securitized debt
---------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------- --------------- -------------------- -------------- -------------- -----                      -------------------- -------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------- -------------- -----                      -------------------- ---------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------
Total                                                                               $      10,629,205                    $        115,992            4.4 %                          $     10,969,602                    $                    $        121,257            4.4 %                          $ 11,258,996                    $                    $    116,796        4.1 %
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---------------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------  ----------------------------------  -------------------                       ----------------------------------  -------------------- ----------------------------------  -------------------                       ------------------------------  -------------------- ------------------------------  -------------------
Economic net interest income/net interest rate spread                                                 $         68,001            1.4 %                                           $                    $         68,296            1.5 %                                       $                    $     69,419        1.4 %
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---------------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------  ----------------------------------  -------------------                       ----------------------------------  -------------------- ----------------------------------  -------------------                       ------------------------------  -------------------- ------------------------------  -------------------
Net interest-earning assets/net interest margin                                     $       2,056,122                             2.1 %                          $      1,987,832                               2.1 %                          $  2,392,288                       2.0 %
---------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------- --------------- ----------------------------------  -------------- -----                      -------------------- -------------- -------------------- ----------------------------------  -------------- -----                      -------------------- ---------- -------------------- ------------------------------  ---------- ---------
                                                                                                                                                          
---------------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------  ----------------------------------  -------------------                       ----------------------------------  -------------------- ----------------------------------  -------------------                       ------------------------------  -------------------- ------------------------------  -------------------
Ratio of interest-earning assets to interest bearing liabilities              1.19                                  1.18                                1.21                 
---------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------- --------------- ----------------------------------  -------------------                       -------------------- -------------- -------------------- ----------------------------------  -------------------                       -------------------- ---------- -------------------- ------------------------------  -------------------
                                                                                                                                                          
(1) Interest-earning assets at amortized cost                                                                                                                                                   

The table below shows our Net Income and Economic net interest income as a percentage of average stockholders' equity and Earnings available for distribution as a percentage of average common stockholders' equity. Return on average equity is defined as our GAAP net income (loss) as a percentage of average equity. Average equity is defined as the average of our beginning and ending stockholders' equity balance for the period reported. Economic Net Interest Income and Earnings available for distribution are non-GAAP measures as defined in previous sections.

        Return on Average Equity         Return on Average Equity  Economic Net Interest Income/Average Equity Earnings available for distribution/Average Common Equity
                                                                       (Ratios have been annualized)
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For the Quarter Ended March 31, 2024            19.90 %                           10.45 %                                             7.31 %
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For the Quarter Ended December 31, 2023          4.84 %                           10.81 %                                             7.70 %
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For the Quarter Ended September 30, 2023         0.34 %                           10.40 %                                             7.14 %
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For the Quarter Ended June 30, 2023              5.51 %                           10.24 %                                             6.75 %
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